Periodic table-a transition metal element number 42 Molybdenum hian a chemical property danglam tak leh a hmanna hrang hrang avang hian ngaihven a hlawh hle. A chemical symbol chu Mo a ni a, silvery-white metallic luster a lantir a, a khauh a, a chhe thei lo bawk. Molybdenum hi room temperature-ah a stable a, boruak a lut thei lo va, hydrochloric emaw hydrofluoric acid emaw nen chemically unreactive a ni. Hei hian field tam takah a pawimawh hle.
Periodic table-a transition metal element number 42 Molybdenum hi a bul berah chuan naturally occurring mineral molybdenite (MoS2) angin a awm a ni. He mineral nêm, dum hi hmanlai aṭang tawhin hriat a ni tawh a, mahse, lead, galena, leh graphite ang chi mineral nena a inang avangin dik taka thliar hran a harsa hle. Greek tawngin "molybdos" tih awmzia chu lead tihna a ni a, kum zabi 18-na tawp lam thleng khan European market-ah pawh he metal pahnih hi molybdenum ore angin an hralh dun a ni.
Kum 1779 khan Scheele chuan lead emaw graphite emaw leh molybdenum te hi thil chi hrang hrang an nih thu experiment hmangin a entir a. Nitric acid hian graphite nen an inrem lo va, molybdenum ore nen an inrem a, powder dum a siam tih a hmuchhuak a ni. Chubakah, nitric acid leh alkaline solution chu an lum a, an crystallized chuan chi a lo chhuak ta a ni. Scheele chuan he powder dum hi a takah chuan metal oxide, molybdenum oxide a ni tih a chhui chhuak a. He oxide hi charcoal nen chawhpawlh a, temperature sang takah a lum tir a, hlawhtling takin raw molybdenum a siam chhuak ta a ni. Molybdenum chu sulfur hmanga tihlum chuan molybdenum thianghlim zawk a siam tih a hmuchhuak bawk.
Kum 1782 khan Swedish miner Elmo chuan molybdenum lakchhuah dan thar a lo enchhin a. Charcoal, molybdic acid leh linseed oil te chu a pawlh a, molybdenum ore atanga metallic molybdenum chu hlawhtling takin a la chhuak thei a ni. A hmingah molybdenum a vuah a, Molybdenum tih chhinchhiahna a nei a, he thil hmuhchhuah hi Swedish chemist lar Berzelius-a chuan a hre chiang hle a, ani hian cerium, selenium, silicon, tantalum, leh thorium ang chi element a hmuchhuak mai bakah molybdenum property chungchangah -thuk takin zirchianna a nei bawk.
Molybdenum metal chu boruakah a kang chuan rangkachak eng (golden glow) a pe chhuak a, oxidation state hrang hranga molybdenum ion te chuan rawng hrang hrang an lantir bawk. Kum 100 chuang zet a zawn hnuah kum 1893 khan Mawson chuan carbon leh molybdenum trioxide inzawmkhawm chu electric furnace-ah a hmin a, cast metal hmasa ber, molybdenum awm zat 92%-96% a siam chhuak ta a ni.
Molybdenum hi kum 200 chuang kalta khan hmuhchhuah ni mah se, a zau zawng-a lo thanglian leh hman tangkai dan chu kumin kum zabi atang khan a intan a, a bik takin tun hnai kum sawmhnih chhung khan a lo piang tan a ni. Molybdenum leh a alloy te hian an chakna sang tak, thermal expansion coefficient hniam, thermal leh electrical conductivity tha tak, leh corrosion leh wear resistance ropui tak an neih avangin field tam takah hmanna hmun zau tak an hmu a ni.
Molybdenum hi alloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel, leh cast iron-ah te hman a ni ber a, molybdenum mamawhna a sang hle. Molybdenum dah tel hian stainless steel-a corrosion resistance nasa takin a ti tha a, chutih rualin cast iron-a molybdenum dah hian a chakna leh wear resistance a ti sang bawk. Chubakah, nickel-based superalloys, 18% molybdenum awmna hian aerospace industry-ah hmanna pawimawh tak a nei a ni. An melting point sang, density hniam, leh thermal expansion coefficient hniam te hian high-temperature component hrang hrang siamna atan a tha hle.
Molybdenum hi electronics-ah hman a ni nasa hle a, electronic device-ah te, electron tube, transistor, leh rectifier-ah te pawh hman a ni. Molybdenum wire thianghlim hian high-temperature furnace, electrical discharge machining (EDM), leh wire-cutting-ah te pawh hmanna pawimawh tak a nei a ni. Molybdenum hi radio leh X-ray hmanrua siamnaah pawh hman a ni a, alloy leh chemical industry dang siamnaah pawh hman a ni bawk.
Alloy steel-a molybdenum dah hian an elastic limit, corrosion resistance, leh permanent magnetic property te a ti sang zual thei a ni. Chemical leh petroleum industry-ah hian molybdenum oxide leh molybdates te hian catalyst angin hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni. Chubakah, molybdenum disulfide hi aerospace leh machinery industry-ah chuan lubricant pawimawh tak a ni. A sulfur resistance danglam tak chuan carbon monoxide chu condition thenkhatah alcohol-ah hydrogenation a tichak thei a ni.
Molybdenum hmanna hi a zau zel a, tunah chuan sector hrang hrang a huam tawh a, nuclear power leh energy thar te pawh a huam tel a ni. Molybdenum hi thlai thanna atana trace element pawimawh tak a ni bawk a, thlai dam khawchhuahna atan pawh a pawimawh hle. Agriculture lamah chuan molybdenum hi trace element fertilizer-ah hman a ni nasa hle a, thlai tana ei tur pawimawh tak tak a pe a ni.
Industry leh agriculture lama hmun pawimawh tak nei element Molybdenum hian mihring taksaah pawh hmun a chang ve bawk. Puitling taksaa molybdenum awm zawng zawng hi 9 mg vel a ni a, liver leh kidney te hi molybdenum tamna ber pawl an ni. Hriat tur chu Mo-99, molybdenum radioactive isotope hi damdawi inah Technetium-99 siam nan an hmang thin. Technetium-99, radioactive isotope chak tak hi chhungril lam taksa peng hrang hrangte thlalakna atan an hmang fo thin. Imaging neih lai hian Mo-99 hi aluminum oxide powder hian a hip lut tlangpui a, container tenau takah dah a ni. Mo-99 a chhe chhoh zel chuan Technetium-99 ah a inthlak a, chu chu medical diagnostics atan hman a ni.
Molybdenum hmuhchhuah hi kum zabi 14-na aṭang khan a ni a, Japanese samurai khandaih siamnaah hmuh a ni hmasa ber a, sipai lama hmanna a rawn thlen a ni. Kum 1891 khan French company Snyder chuan thil thar an siam a, molybdenum chu alloying element atan hmangin molybdenum awmna armor plating an siam a, a density hniam zawk (tungsten aiin a chanve chauh) chu an hmang tangkai hle. He thil hmuhchhuah hian steel alloy tam takah molybdenum chu tungsten aiah zawi zawiin a siam ta a ni. Indopui I a lo chhuah meuh chuan ferrotungsten supply a tlem ta hle a, tungsten mamawhna pawh nasa takin a pung a, hei hian high-hardness leh impact-resistant steel-a molybdenum hmanna a tichak zual hle. Sipaiah molybdenum a pawimawh zual zel avangin khawvel hmun hrang hranga sorkarte chuan strategic metal-ah an ngai tan ta a ni. Kum zabi 20-na tir lamah chuan molybdenum hmanna chu a zau chho ta a, high-temperature resistant rocket artillery siamna leh tungsten leh molybdenum alloy ang chi thil hmasawn tak tak siam chhuah te pawh a lo zau ta a ni. Molybdenum hi indo lawng, rocket leh high{13}}end equipment atana hmanraw quality sang-quality component-ah pawh hman a ni nasa hle bawk.
Molybdenum alloy, non-ferrous alloy, molybdenum leh element dang inzawmkhawm atanga siam te hian key components an nei a, chung zingah chuan titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tungsten, leh rare earth element te pawh an tel. Heng alloy te hian thermal conductivity tha tak, electrical conductivity tha tak, leh thermal expansion hniam tak an pe a ni. Anni hian temperature sang takah chakna danglam tak an lantir a, 1100 atanga 1650℃thleng a ni a, tungsten nena khaikhin chuan processing property tha zawk an pe bawk. Chuvangin, molybdenum alloy hi hmanraw hrang hrangah hman a ni nasa hle a, chung zingah chuan electron tube atana grid leh anode siam te, electric light source atana support material siam te, die-casting leh extrusion die te, leh spacecraft component pawimawh tak tak siam te pawh a tel a ni.
Mahse, Indopui I a tawp meuh chuan molybdenum mamawhna chu a tlahniam ta hle a ni. He harsatna sutkian nan hian industry hian hmanhmawh takin application thar a zawn a ngai a ni. Vanneihthlak takin low-molybdenum alloy steel thar hian automotive industry-ah pawm a hlawh a, steel ang chi area-a molybdenum zirchianna leh hmasawnna kawngah hun thar a ni. Kum 1930 chho tawp lamah chuan molybdenum hi industry hrang hrangah raw material atan hman a ni nasa hle a, hei hian molybdenum-containing tool steel market tihpunna kawngah nasa takin a pui a ni. Indopui II-na hnu lama siamṭhat tumna chuan molybdenum-a industrial application-a research leh market tihhmasawn chu a tipung zual sauh a ni.
Vawiin thleng hian alloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel, leh cast iron te hi molybdenum hmanna ber a la ni reng a ni. Chuti chung pawh chuan, technology lama hmasawnna leh industry lama hmasawnna a awm chuan molybdenum hmanna hi a zau zel dawn a, mihring khawtlang hmasawnna kawngah nasa zawkin a pui dawn niin kan ngai.
Molybdenum, key element hi leilung chhunga granite-ah a awm ber a ni. A mineral deposit te hi a awlsam hle a, a bul berah chuan sulfide ores atanga siam a ni. Sipai ralthuam lama a chanvo pawimawh tak ngaihtuah chuan khawvel ram lian tak takte chuan strategic mineral reserve atan an ruat a ni. Strategic mineral reserve hi ram himna tur leh ka ram chhunga mineral resources tlemte chauh dahkhawmna tur a ni. Tunah hian khawvel pumah ram sawm chuan strategic mineral reserve system kimchang tak an siam tawh a ni. ka ram hian molybdenum reserve tam tak a nei a, a vaiin ton maktaduai 8.6 (molybdenum hmanga teh) a ni a, chung zinga industrial reserve chu ton maktaduai 3.5 vel a ni a, khawvel pumah pahnihnaah nghet takin a awm a ni. Heng resources te hi a lianin a zau hle mai bakah, deposit lian tak tak-scale deposit leh ore body thuk lo, awlsam taka hmuh theih te pawh a awm a, hei hian khawvel pum huapa molybdenum market nasa takin a nghawng a ni. North America pawhin molybdenum resources tam tak a nei a ni. Hriat tur chu ka ram molybdenum resource control hi rare earths control aiin a hmasawn zawk a ni. Tunah hian Ministry of Natural Resources chuan molybdenum chu mineral humhalh atan ruat a tum a, total mining quota management kalpui a tum a, a inmil tur mining quota target pawh tihchhuah a tum bawk. Hetianga hmalakna hian molybdenum chu mineral bik dang a lo ni dawn tih a tilang a, rangkachak, tungsten, tin, antimony leh rare earth te chu a zawm dawn a, state atanga venhimna leh enkawlna bik a dawng dawn a ni.
